《植物生理学报》 2015, 51(9): 1351-1358

CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术在植物基因功能研究及植物改良中的应用

曾秀英¹, 侯学文^1,2,*

华南农业大学生命科学学院¹植物逆境生物学研究中心; ²广东省植物功能基因组与生物技术重点实验室, 广州510642

通信作者：侯学文；E-mail: hxw1969@scau.edu.cn；Tel: 020-85287961

摘　要：

CRISPR/Cas是发现于细菌和古细菌基因组中的特殊结构, 参与细菌和古细菌破坏噬菌体和外源质粒的免疫保护。科学家将II型CRISPR/Cas改造成为一个组装简便、高效和精准的基因组编辑工具, 并迅速在动物、植物和微生物基因功能研究和遗传改造中获得广泛应用。本文介绍CRISPR/Cas9技术出现近两年来, 在水稻、小麦、高粱、拟南芥、烟草、甜橙等植物中的研究情况, 在此基础上对该技术的优点和需要进一步改进的地方提出了看法。

关键词：成簇的、规律间隔的短回文重复序列; 成簇的、规律间隔的短回文重复序列相关核酸酶9; 基因组编辑技术; 植物基因功能; 植物改良

收稿：2015-03-27   修定：2015-08-19

资助：国家自然科学基金(30971709)。

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology in Functional Genomics and Improvement of Plants

ZENG Xiu-Ying¹, HOU Xue-Wen^1,2,*

¹Research Center of Plant Stress Biology, ²Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Education Department of Guangdong Province, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Corresponding author: HOU Xue-Wen; E-mail: hxw1969@scau.edu.cn; Tel: 020-85287961

Abstract:

CRISPR/Cas is a specific gene structure found in the genome of bacteria and archaea, and is the immune system of bacteria and archaea involved in destroying phage and exogenous plasmids. CRISPR/Cas9, a convenient, precise and efficient genome editing technology, was developed according to the mechanism of type II CRISPR/Cas recently. From then on this technology has been broadly utilized to study gene functions and genetic modification of animal, plant and microorganism. The recent developments of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in rice, wheat, sorghum, Arabidopsis, tobacco and sweet orange, etc, were analyzed in detail in this paper. The advantages and further improvement aspects of this technology were also discussed at the end of this paper.

Key words: CRISPR; CAS9; genome editing technology; plant gene function; plant improvement